Name
The title “Galatians” comes from the intended audience designated in 1:2, “To the churches in Galatia.” The epistle’s body makes it clear that Paul’s intended audience in Galatia is both Jewish and Gentile Christians.
Author
Paul claims authorship of Galatians 1:1, 5:2, and indirectly in 6:11.
External sources also acknowledge Paul as the author of the epistle to the Galatians. Among them are Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, and Origen.
Genre
Epistle
Literary Form
The epistle to the Galatians is a personal letter of exhortation and instruction.
Time Frame
There are two theories regarding the dating of the book of Galatians, depending on how the term “Galatia” is interpreted.
The Northern Theory. If the term Galatia is interpreted as an ethnic area, then the ethnic Galatia is the northern area. It is only implied in the New Testament in Acts 16:6.
The Southern Theory. If the term Galatia is interpreted as a political area, then because this was part of the Roman province, it would include the southern region and its cities: Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe.
If the northern theory is correct, then a date of A.D. 52-53 is probable.
If the southern theory is correct, then the date of A.D. 48-50 is probable. Many scholars place the writing of Galatians from Syria in A.D. 49 prior to the Jerusalem Council. If the southern theory is correct, then the book of Galatians is among the earliest of the New Testament books.
Emphasis
Galatians’ emphasis is on correcting the beliefs of the Galatians who were being led astray by the Judaizers. Specifically, Paul defended his calling as an apostle, his ministry, the doctrine of justification by faith alone and not by works, the freedom in the life of a Christian living by the Holy Spirit’s power.
Outline
- Introduction (1:1-1:10)
- A defense of Paul’s calling and ministry (1:11-2:21)
- The doctrine of justification by faith alone (3:1-4:31)
- Freedom and liberty in the Christian life (5:1-6:10
- Summary, conclusion, and benediction (6:11-6:18)
