Introduction to Proverbs

Name

The title “Proverbs” comes from the form of Hebrew poetry contained in the book. The Hebrew word mashal translated “Proverbs” means “to be like.”

Author

The primary author of the book of Proverbs was Solomon, but several other men inspired by God contributed proverbs to the book.

Genre

Poetry

Literary Form

Wisdom Literature

Time Frame

Dating the book of Proverbs with precision is difficult due to the number of contributing authors. However, Proverbs likely began during the time of Solomon 950 B.C. and was completed by the time of the Babylonian captivity 587-539 B.C.

Emphasis

The emphasis of Proverbs is upon teaching wisdom, discipline, and understanding (Proverbs:1:2). These three combined are the result of obtaining Godly wisdom. There is a close connection between the wise man who fears God and the blessings of God. In the first seven verses (Proverbs 1:1-7) Solomon uses seven different Hebrew words to express a unique aspect of Godly wisdom:

• wisdom (chokmah, v. 2)
• instruction (musar, v. 2)
• understanding (biyn, v. 2)
• wisdom (sakal, v. 3)
• subtlety (ormah, v. 4)
• discretion (mezimma, v. 4)
• knowledge (da’ath, v. 7; also used in v. 4)

Outline

1. Proverbs of Solomon on Wisdom and Folly (1:1-9:18)
2. Proverbs of Solomon on Morality (10:1 – 22:16)
3. Proverbs of the Wise Men (22:17-24:34)
4. Proverbs compiled by Hezekiah’s Men (25:1-29:27)
5. Proverbs of Agur (30:1-33 )
6. Proverbs of King Lemuel’s Mother (31:1-9)
7. Proverbs about an Ideal Wife and Mother (31:10-31)