Introduction to 1 Samuel

Name

The title “1 Samuel” is derived from the name of Samuel, who was a prophet and the central character reporting the events of this time period. Originally the books of 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel were a single book known simply as Samuel. However, when the books were translated into Greek (about 150 B.C,.) the books of Samuel and Kings were combined into one large book (titled First, Second, Third, and the Fourth Kingdom). Later 1 and 2 Samuel were again separated from the books of Kings. Note: in the Latin and Vulgate Bibles, they are referred to as First, Second, Third, and Fourth Kings.

Author

The book of 1 Samuel does not specifically name an author. Most scholars agree that Samuel wrote up to 1 Samuel 25 and that others completed the book at a later time.

Genre

History

Literary Form

Historical Narrative

Time Frame

The record of 1 Samuel begins at the close of the period of time of the judges, continues to the installation of Saul as king and concludes with Saul’s death.

Emphasis

The book of 1 Samuel emphasizes

1. Samuel’s birth, call, and ministry.
2. God’s selection of Saul to be king of Israel.
3. Saul’s victories.
4. Saul’s downward spiral and failures.
5. God’s preparation of David.

 Outline

1. Samuel’s ministry 1:1-12:25
2. Saul’s reign 13:1-31:13